Updated: 2017-01-15 08:28 (Originally Created: 2015-03-32 19:12)
Updated: 2016-07-15 18:02 (Originally Created: 2015-03-32 19:12)
Updated: 2015-09-26 9:51 (Originally Created: 2015-03-32 19:12)
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Setting background and foreground colors in an xterm terminal
The xterm terminal (and PuTTY) permit you to programmatically set the foreground and background colors of your terminal using VT styled escape sequenced (e.g., vt200). These are region-based, and can be used to change the color on a character-by-character basis. There are a variety of different sequences for setting these colors, but, for now at least, if you want to use PuTTY as well as X-Window you should use the following sequences. These sequences take an index into a table of colors (see
The Chart below) defined and specified by xterm.
Set the Background Color
To set the background color by index hand this escape sequence to the terminal:
<esc>[48;5;<c>m
Where <c> is the index (from
the chart below) for the color you want to make the background.
You can send the sequence to the terminal with the echo command. Give it the -n option so that it wont echo a new-line at the end of the sequence. Here are some examples:
Set background
- echo -n "\033[48;5;16m"
Sets the background to black (index 16 from the chart). Note that \033 is the escape character.
- printf "\033[48;5;16m"
Same as the echo statement above, but using the more portable printf command.
- printf "\033[48;5;17m"
Sets the background to dim blue for text editing. (index 17 from the chart).
Set the Foreground Color
To set the
foreground color by index, use the following escape sequence:
<esc>[38;5;<c>m
Note the '48' has been changed to a '38'. The <c> remains the index from the chart (below) for the color you want to use.
Use the echo command to send the sequence. As always, the -n option is used to prevent echo from sending a new-line at the end of the sequence.
Set
foreground
- printf "\033[38;5;16m"
Sets the foreground (text color) to black (index 16 from the chart). Again, \033 (octal) = 27 (dec) = Esc
- printf "\033[38;5;17m"
Sets the foreground (text) to dim blue. (index 17 from the chart).
. . . . . . . . . . .
The Most Rationally Formatted Chart
216 regular colors, indexed
That's a lot of factors:
216 factors: 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12,18,24,27,36,54,72,108,216
Format: 6x36
The first six rows of this table hold the entire range of Blue across the X-axis, and the complete range of Green down the Y-axis. The remaining five, six-line charts are the entire range of RED overlaid onto the first chart. Said another way, each six-line chart represents one data point on the (RED) Z-axis, with X=BLUE, and Y=GREEN. Essentially it is BGR instead of RGB
. Both index, and rgb-value orders, are preserved.
b=x, g=y, r=0 |
|
|
|
|
|
016 000000 |
017 00005f |
018 000087 |
019 0000af |
020 0000d7 |
021 0000ff |
022 005f00 |
023 0005f5f |
024 005f87 |
025 005faf |
026 005fd7 |
027 005fff |
028 008700 |
029 00875f |
030 008787 |
031 0087af |
032 0087d7 |
033 0087ff |
034 00af00 |
035 000af5f |
036 00af87 |
037 00afaf |
038 00afd7 |
039 00afff |
040 00d700 |
041 00d75f |
042 00d787 |
043 00d7af |
044 00d7d7 |
045 00d7ff |
046 00ff00 |
047 000ff5f |
048 00ff87 |
049 00ffaf |
050 00ffd7 |
051 00ffff |
b=x, g=y, r=0x5f |
|
|
|
|
|
052 5f0000 |
053 5f005f |
054 5f0087 |
055 5f00af |
056 5f00d7 |
057 5f00ff |
058 5f5f00 |
059 5f05f5f |
060 5f5f87 |
061 5f5faf |
062 5f5fd7 |
063 5f5fff |
064 5f8700 |
065 5f875f |
066 5f8787 |
067 5f87af |
068 5f87d7 |
069 5f87ff |
070 5faf00 |
071 5f0af5f |
072 5faf87 |
073 5fafaf |
074 5fafd7 |
075 5fafff |
076 5fd700 |
077 5fd75f |
078 5fd787 |
079 5fd7af |
080 5fd7d7 |
081 5fd7ff |
082 5fff00 |
083 5f0ff5f |
084 5fff87 |
085 5fffaf |
086 5fffd7 |
087 5fffff |
b=x, g=y, r=0x87 |
|
|
|
|
|
088 870000 |
089 87005f |
090 870087 |
091 8700af |
092 8700d7 |
093 8700ff |
094 875f00 |
095 8705f5f |
096 875f87 |
097 875faf |
098 875fd7 |
099 875fff |
100 878700 |
101 87875f |
102 878787 |
103 8787af |
104 8787d7 |
105 8787ff |
106 87af00 |
107 870af5f |
108 87af87 |
109 87afaf |
110 87afd7 |
111 87afff |
112 87d700 |
113 87d75f |
114 87d787 |
115 87d7af |
116 87d7d7 |
117 87d7ff |
118 87ff00 |
119 870ff5f |
120 87ff87 |
121 87ffaf |
122 87ffd7 |
123 87ffff |
b=x, g=y, r=0xaf |
|
|
|
|
|
124 af0000 |
125 af005f |
126 af0087 |
127 af00af |
128 af00d7 |
129 af00ff |
130 af5f00 |
131 af05f5f |
132 af5f87 |
133 af5faf |
134 af5fd7 |
135 af5fff |
136 af8700 |
137 af875f |
138 af8787 |
139 af87af |
140 af87d7 |
141 af87ff |
142 afaf00 |
143 af0af5f |
144 afaf87 |
145 afafaf |
146 afafd7 |
147 afafff |
148 afd700 |
149 afd75f |
150 afd787 |
151 afd7af |
152 afd7d7 |
153 afd7ff |
154 afff00 |
155 af0ff5f |
156 afff87 |
157 afffaf |
158 afffd7 |
159 afffff |
b=x, g=y, r=0xd7 |
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|
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160 d70000 |
161 d7005f |
162 d70087 |
163 d700af |
164 d700d7 |
165 d700ff |
166 d75f00 |
167 d705f5f |
168 d75f87 |
169 d75faf |
170 d75fd7 |
171 d75fff |
172 d78700 |
173 d7875f |
174 d78787 |
175 d787af |
176 d787d7 |
177 d787ff |
178 d7af00 |
179 d70af5f |
180 d7af87 |
181 d7afaf |
182 d7afd7 |
183 d7afff |
184 d7d700 |
185 d7d75f |
186 d7d787 |
187 d7d7af |
188 d7d7d7 |
189 d7d7ff |
190 d7ff00 |
191 d70ff5f |
192 d7ff87 |
193 d7ffaf |
194 d7ffd7 |
195 d7ffff |
b=x, g=y, r=0xff |
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|
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196 ff0000 |
197 ff005f |
198 ff0087 |
199 ff00af |
200 ff00d7 |
201 ff00ff |
202 ff5f00 |
203 ff05f5f |
204 ff5f87 |
205 ff5faf |
206 ff5fd7 |
207 ff5fff |
208 ff8700 |
209 ff875f |
210 ff8787 |
211 ff87af |
212 ff87d7 |
213 ff87ff |
214 ffaf00 |
215 ff0af5f |
216 ffaf87 |
217 ffafaf |
218 ffafd7 |
219 ffafff |
220 ffd700 |
221 ffd75f |
222 ffd787 |
223 ffd7af |
224 ffd7d7 |
225 ffd7ff |
226 ffff00 |
227 ff0ff5f |
228 ffff87 |
229 ffffaf |
230 ffffd7 |
231 ffffff |
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The Missing Slots
There are 16 missing color-indexes (0-15) at the beginning, and 24 missing color-indexes (232-255) at the end.
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The Original ANSI 8 (16)
The 16 color-indexes missing at the beginning of the above chart hold the generic set of eight colors you see (for example) in ansi, or curses, as
named colors. It contains another eight colors which are —sort-of— the same colors repeated, but duller (more dull?).
Note that these already exist in the above chart. The reason you see them repeated again here is because these were preserved in order to be compatible with the old xterm, which only had the first 16 color-indexes. Old software that references these indexes will not be broken. Here's their chart:
000 000000 |
001 800000 |
002 008000 |
003 808000 |
004 000080 |
005 800080 |
006 008080 |
007 c0c0c0 |
008 808080 |
009 ff0000 |
010 00ff00 |
011 ffff00 |
012 0000ff |
013 ff00ff |
014 00ffff |
015 ffffff |
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The Extra Gray Scale
The 24 color-indexes missing at the end of the above chart are a set of gray scale colors. I'm not sure what their purpose is. They are slightly different than the grays available in the main chart. Perhaps a continuously indexed gray scale permits some simple math to be used when shading/ray-tracing? Anyway. Here's that chart.
232 080808 |
233 121212 |
234 1c1c1c |
235 262626 |
236 303030 |
237 3a3a3a |
238 444444 |
239 4e4e4e |
240 585858 |
241 626262 |
242 6c6c6c |
243 767676 |
244 808080 |
245 8a8a8a |
246 949494 |
247 9e9e9e |
248 a8a8a8 |
249 b2b2b2 |
250 bcbcbc |
251 c6c6c6 |
252 d0d0d0 |
253 dadada |
254 e4e4e4 |
255 eeeeee |
More about how to set these colors (foreground and background) from applications running in xterm and PuTTY follows. . .